Taiwan First Institute of Learning
Tainan Confucius Temple
Tainan Confucius Temple was Taiwan’s first Confucian temple. It was established during the Kingdom of Tungning, a government founded by Koxinga between 1661 and 1683 as part of a loyalist movement to restore the Ming Dynasty. For part of the Qing Dynasty, it served as a school for Taiwan’s tóngshēng, (literally “child students,” regardless of age), also referred to as rútóng (Confucian apprentices), the entry-level examinees who had passed the county or prefectural examinations but were not yet enrolled in a state institute. The temple was also known as the First Academy of Taiwan, and served as a vanguard for Confucianism in Taiwan while gaining a reputation for cultivating intellectuals. At the entrance to the temple stands a dismounting stele. The oldest and best-preserved dismounting stele of the four remaining in Taiwan, it was placed at the entrance on imperial orders in 1687, bestowing legitimacy upon the academy. The presence of the stele also represents respect for Confucius.
Tainan Confucius Temple was established in 1665 during the Kingdom of Tungning. It is Taiwan’s oldest Confucian temple. At one time during the Qing Dynasty, it served as a school for entry-level civil service examinees and was referred to as the First Academy of Taiwan. Tungning Kingdom’s ruler, Zheng Jing, the eldest son of Koxinga, built the temple at the suggestion of his Chief of General Staff Chen Yong-hua (1634 – 1680). The complex was composed of an academy on the left and a temple dedicated to Confucius on the right. The Hall of Edification was built next to the temple and used for lectures and for the cultivation of talented students. In 1685, the temple was transformed into the Taiwan Prefectural Academy, which comprised the east and west wings of the complex. The Chung Sheng Shrine was located on the north side, while the Lingxing Gate formed the south side. The ceremonial semi-circular academy pond and Ya Zhai, a resting room, were added later. The Hall of Edification and Longting Storehouse were built during renovations in 1700. Another round of repairs took place in 1712. Among the renovated buildings were Ta Cheng Palace and Chung Sheng Shrine. The Pavilion of the God of Literature and a shrine for Tudigong, the Earth God, were added on either side of the Lingxing Gate, while the Gate of Rights, the Path of Righteousness, the Ta Cheng arches, and a half-moon wall were added to the periphery.
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